Windows 7 16 bit ms-dos subsystem free. how do I install the 16-bit MS-DOS Subsystem for Windows 7? with NTVDM

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Competing DOS-compatible operating systems released before Windows 95 cannot see these names. Using older versions of DOS utilities to manipulate files means that the long names are not visible and are lost if files are moved or renamed, as well as by the copy but not the original , if the file is copied. During a Windows 95 automatic upgrade of an older Windows 3.

When Windows 95 is started in DOS mode, e. In case the need arises to depend on disk utilities that do not recognize long file names, such as MS-DOS 6.

Windows 95 followed Windows for Workgroups 3. While the OS kernel is bit, much code especially for the user interface remained bit for performance reasons as well as development time constraints much of W95's UI code was recycled from Windows 3. This had a rather detrimental effect on system stability and led to frequent application crashes.

The introduction of bit File Access in Windows for Workgroups 3. DOS can be used for running old-style drivers for compatibility, but Microsoft discourages using them, as this prevents proper multitasking and impairs system stability. Control Panel allows a user to see what MS-DOS components are used by the system; optimal performance is achieved when they are bypassed. The Windows kernel uses MS-DOS style real-mode drivers in Safe Mode , which exists to allow a user to fix problems relating to loading native, protected-mode drivers.

At the release date of Windows 95, Internet Explorer 1. The Plus! Pack did not reach as many retail consumers as the operating system itself it was mainly advertised for its add-ons such as themes and better disk compression but was usually included in pre-installed OEM sales, and at the time of Windows 95 release, the web was being browsed mainly with a variety of early web browsers such as Netscape promoted by products such as Internet in a Box.

While there was no uninstaller, it could be deleted easily if the user so desired. Only the 4. Windows 95 shipped with Microsoft's own dial-up online service called The Microsoft Network. Windows 95 with Microsoft Plus! A number of different editions of Windows 95 have been released.

Only the original release was sold as a shrink-wrapped product, later editions were provided only to computer original equipment manufacturers OEMs for installation on new PCs. Together with the introduction of Windows 95, Microsoft released the Microsoft Plus!

Microsoft initially indicated to make updates available to Windows 95 every 6 months in the form of service packs. The growing availability of Internet access meant that Windows updates could now be downloaded from Microsoft directly. The first service pack was made available half a year after the original release and fixed a number of small bugs. The second service pack mainly introduced support for new hardware.

This release was never made available to end-users directly and was only sold through OEMs with the purchase of a new PC. A full third service pack was never released, but two smaller updates to the second were released in the form of a USB Supplement OSR 2. Both were available as stand-alone updates and as updated disc images shipped by OEMs.

OSR 2. These minimal claims were made in order to maximize the available market of Windows 3. This configuration was distinctly suboptimal for any productive use on anything but single-tasking dedicated workstations due to the heavy reliance on virtual memory.

Also, in some cases, if any networking or similar components were installed the system would refuse to boot with 4 megabytes of RAM. It was possible to run Windows 95 on a SX but this led to even less acceptable performance due to its bit external data bus. Windows 95 was superseded by Windows 98 and could still be directly upgraded by both Windows and Windows Me. On December 31, , Microsoft ended its support for Windows 95, making it an "obsolete" product according to the Microsoft Lifecycle Policy.

Even though support for Windows 95 has ended, the software has occasionally remained in use on legacy systems for various purposes.

In addition, some video game enthusiasts choose to use Windows 95 for their legacy system to play old DOS games, although some other versions of Windows such as Windows 98 can also be used for this purpose. Microsoft Plus! DMF was a special sector format Microsoft used to store 1. While the floppy edition of Windows was normally on 3.

Many features that became key components of the Microsoft Windows series, such as the start menu and the taskbar , originated in Windows Microsoft Wiki Explore.

Windows families. Windows Windows 11 Windows 10 Windows 8. Windows CE Windows Embedded. Microsoft Surface. European Union Microsoft antitrust case United States v. Microsoft Shared source. Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account? Windows View source. History Talk 3.

Do you like this video? Play Sound. Wikipedia article: Windows This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia view authors. Microsoft Windows family. Universal Conquest Wiki. A new version of Windows built from the ground up as an operating system for servers and workstations.

It divided the functions of the Windows 95 Start menu up into three buttons. Future Chicago builds combined these three into the Start button still recognized today. Build 58s still included Program Manager as found in Windows 3. It has a date of August 9, This build also introduced shortcuts Chicago referred to them as Links and native right click functionality, which Windows 3. It also introduced long filename support.

Build 73g is the next leaked build of Windows Chicago with a date of November 2, It is mostly the same as Build 58s, with a few UI tweaks and a network logon box at startup.

Build 81 follows build 73g. The date stamp says it is from January The three start buttons are combined into one. However, the 8 character folder limit makes the Start Menu item "Accessories" read "access 1". Programs running are only displayed on the taskbar. The briefcase UI was improved. The My Computer item is displayed when opened as: drives and Network as :network. Build was the first version of Chicago to call itself a Beta edition.

Again, there is not much info on this version, but there is a date stamp of June 9, So we need to assume that your copy of Windows does. It is thus possible to use characters outside of the system locale code page in R, including the command-line front-end Rterm. For use in RTerm , one needs to choose suitable fonts which have the required glyphs, such as NSimFun for Asian languages. With R 4. Both Rterm. It will be necessary to select suitable fonts in files Rconsole and Rdevga see?

Note that Rdevga only applies to Windows graphics devices and not, say, to pdf. Note that it is important that the console font uses double-width characters for all CJK characters as that is what the width table used assumes : this is true for the fonts intended for CJK locales but not for example for Lucida Console or Consolas.

You do need to ensure that R is running in a suitable locale: use Sys. When using Rterm the window in which it is run has to be set up to use a suitable font e. Precisely, you selected English for installation! The language of the installer has nothing to do with the language used to run R: this is completely standard Windows practice and necessary as different users of the computer may use different languages.

Similar comments apply to any non-Western-European language. With suitable fonts, this should just work. You will need to set MS Mincho or MS Gothic as the console font to ensure that single- and double-width characters are handled correctly.

The default graphics fonts for the windows graphics device can handle most common Japanese characters, but more specialized fonts may need to be set.

See Q5. The help for windowsFonts has examples of selecting Japanese fonts for the windows family of devices. In addition, the Hershey vector fonts see? Hershey ,? Japanese and demo Japanese can be used on any graphics device to display Japanese characters. To use non-Latin-1 characters in the postscript graphics device, see its help page which also applies to pdf. You need to specify a font in Rconsole see Q5.

This used to be a problem in earlier versions of Windows, but now it is hard to find a font which does not. Support for these characters within Rterm depends on the environment the terminal window and shell, including locale and codepage settings within which it is run as well as the font used by the terminal window.

Those are usually on legacy DOS settings and need to altered see Q3. In most cases they actually are, but by Windows. If you have Windows running completely in say French or Chinese these settings are likely to be consistent. However, if you try to run Windows in one language and R in another, you may find the way Windows handles internationalization slightly odd. You can install binary packages either from a repository such as CRAN or from a local.

There are menu items on the Packages menu to provide a point-and-click interface to package installation. The packages for each minor 4. Note that setting up Windows to install a source package that needs compilation is rather tricky; please do ensure that you have followed the instructions exactly. With older versions of R, it was a subdirectory of your home directory by default.

This will only be used if it exists so you may need to create it: you can use. If you use install. This will also happen if update. Is the package installed for this version of R? Packages need to have prepared for R 4. Windows will normally give an informative message about a certain DLL not being found.

This is part of the R installation, so it should be there. Note that you do need 8. There is no guarantee that a bit build will work: it depends on the layout it uses and R 4. This could be used by setting for a default install.

As only bit builds are provided as of R 4. They may still not work between packages installed in different libraries if the HTTP server has been disabled: the remedy is not to do that! So use update. If you put library foo in your.

Rprofile you will need to start R with --vanilla to be able to update package foo. It has been reported that some other software has interfered with the installation process by preventing the renaming of temporary files, Google Desktop being a known example.

But if you still want them, here is how to do it. To install just a few packages with static HTML pages use. Change the following line in file MkRules. If the package is not yours, please remember to change the maintainer address so the results go to you and not the author s! However, if a CRAN package is not available in binary form, this usually means that there is a problem with some dependent package or external software often mentioned in the ReadMe file in the binary repository directory.

You can email R-windows r-project. In many cases installing packages from the sources is not at all difficult it is simple if the package contains no compiled code , so please attempt that for yourself before requesting help from the busy volunteers. See also Q4. You are simply impatient, and need to wait until the binary package has been built and propagated to the CRAN mirror you are using. This normally but not always happens within 24 hours. Sometimes mirrors do get behind, so you could try another mirror.

The latest version of the package might require a later version of R than the one you are using. Your R might be too old. Binary packages for the 3. Packages for R 4. You can always try installing from the sources. How old is it? The CRAN policy is to archive binary packages two years after the 3. Other repositories may do so sooner. If you are using an R version that old we advise you to update your R, but you do also have the option of installing packages from their source. The following information refers to previous versions of R.

Packages without compiled code nor a configure. Packages with compiled code but no configure. An empty configure. Also, there is a list of packages known to have an architecture-independent configure. Other packages can be installed with configure.

Any package can be installed for first one architecture and then the other with option --merge-multiarch , but the package source must be a tarball and as before, running on a bit version of Windows with both versions of R installed.

Obviously, only the bit installation can be tested. There are file menus on the R console, pager and graphics windows. You can source and save from those menus, and copy the graphics to png , jpeg , bmp , postscript , PDF or metafile.

There are right-click menus giving shortcuts to menu items, and optionally toolbars with buttons giving shortcuts to frequent operations. When plots have been recorded they can be reviewed by PgUp and PgDn , saved and replaced. Recording can be turned on automatically the Recording item on the list or individual plots can be added Add or the INS key.

The whole plot history can be saved to or retrieved from an R variable in the global environment. The format of recorded plots may change between R versions. Recorded plots should not be used as a permanent storage format for R plots. They contain comments which should suffice for you to edit them to your preferences.

For more details see? There is a GUI preferences editor invoked from the Edit menu which can be used to edit the file Rconsole. The graphics system asks Windows for the number of pixels per inch in the X and Y directions, and uses that to size graphics which in R are in units of inches.

Sometimes the answer is a complete invention, and in any case Windows will not know exactly how the horizontal and vertical size have been set on a monitor which allows them to be adjusted. You can specify correct values either in the call to windows or as options: see? Typically these are of the order of On one of our systems, the screen height was reported as mm, and the width as mm in x mode and mm in x and x modes.

In fact it was a 21" monitor and mm x mm! This is less common with LCD screens but not unknown, particularly if they are not running at their native resolution. With its default argument it brings the active graphics window to the top and gives it focus. This works for Rgui. Hitting TAB a second time then shows a list of possible completions or the first few if there are many : the user can then enter one or more characters and hit TAB again.

There are two modes: within an unterminated single- or double- quoted expression it completes file paths. After a function name and parenthesis e. Further, the behaviour can be fine-tuned: to see the settings available use. This feature is very similar to the completion available in the readline -based command line interface on Unix-alikes: the macOS GUI R. The workspace is saved in the working directory. From the command line you can change the working directory by the function setwd : see its help page.

All ports of R use the same format for saved workspaces, so they are interchangeable for the same 4. It is possible to save references to package namespaces when saving the workspace: if that happens the package will need to be installed on the machine loading the workspace. Note though that character data in a workspace will be in a particular encoding that may not be recorded in the workspace for older versions of R, so workspaces containing non- ASCII character data may not be interchangeable even on the same OS.

When this is not possible, such as the characters are not representable in such encodings, they are converted to UTF-8 with a warning, which may cause some disruption or confuse some software. This is deliberate: the console output is buffered and re-written in chunks to be faster and less distracting. If you are sourcing R code or writing from a function, there is another option. A call to the R function flush. However, linear algebra on large matrices is not often an important part of R computations, and more typical calculations on small matrices may run slower.

Unfortunately the process has been less successful when tried for the common current CPUs. Then you can use. You will need a suitable version of gdb which matches your compiler. Then you can debug by. The C function call breaktodebugger will do the same thing. Suppose X. Then build the DLL by gcc. Construction of static variables will occur when the DLL is loaded, and destruction when the DLL is unloaded, usually when R terminates.

Note that you will not see the messages from this example in the GUI console: see the next section. The Rgui. This will work with Rterm. Use Rprintf or REprintf instead.

Note that output from the console is delayed see When using Rgui the output to the console seems to be delayed. Writing to Fortran output writes to a file, not the Rgui console. The console, pagers and graphics window all run in the same thread as the R engine.

It does not have a complete understanding of Windows file paths, but can complete most relative or absolute file paths, including drives and spaces. Relative paths on drives are not handled, for example. Relates to earlier installers, removed in R 2. Just double-click on the shortcut you prepared at installation. If all else fails, you can just delete the whole directory in which R was installed.

It depends what you want to print. You can print the graphics window from its menu or by using dev. This will print the selection if there is one, otherwise the whole console or pager contents. You can print help files from the pager or HTML browser.

BATCH for full details. Several places in the documentation use these terms. Not when R itself is running. No such problems have been reported so far. See also? Since 4. Run R with Administrator privileges in sessions where you want to install packages. Transfer ownership of the R installation to the user which installed R.

Install packages into a different library tree owned by the account used to install R. This has often been reported after an upgrade. The default behaviour of R is to try to run in the language you run Windows in. This question applied to the pre This question was much more relevant prior to version 2.

 

16Bit MS-DOS Errors

 

Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface -based operating system built on top of MS-DOS. It was released on August 24, by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of operating systems, and was a significant progression from the company's previous Windows products.

During development, it was referred to as Windows 4. It featured significant improvements over its predecessor, Windows 3. There were also major changes made at lower levels of the operating system, such as moving from a mainly bit architecture to a pre-emptively multitasked bit architecture. In the marketplace, Windows 95 was a major success, and within a year or two of its release had become the most successful operating system ever produced.

Some three years after its introduction, Windows 95 was succeeded by Windows The initial design and planning of Windows 95 can be traced back to around March , just after the release of Windows 3.

At this time, Windows for Workgroups 3. Cairo would be Microsoft's next-generation operating system based on Windows NT and featuring a new user interface and an object-based file system, but it was not planned to be shipped before Cairo would eventually partially ship in July in the form of Windows NT 4. Simultaneously with Windows 3. Microsoft realized they needed an updated version of Windows which could support bit applications and preemptive multitasking but could still run on low-end hardware Windows NT did not.

So the development of Windows "Chicago" was started and, as it was planned for a late release, became known as Windows Initially, the decision was made not to include a new user interface, as this was planned for Cairo, and only focus on making installation, configuration, and networking easier.

MS-DOS 7. The Chicago project was led by Brad Silverberg , who, at that time, was senior vice president of the personal systems division at Microsoft. Microsoft's product plan looked as follows:.

The first version of Chicago's feature specification was finished on September 30, Cougar was to become Chicago's kernel. Before the official release, the American public was given a chance to preview Windows 95 in the Windows 95 Preview Program. Users who bought into the program were also given a free preview of The Microsoft Network MSN , the online service that Microsoft launched with Windows The preview versions expired in November , after which the user would have to purchase their own copy of the final version of Windows Some releases were made that haven't been leaked, such as Chicago Windows 95 was released with great fanfare, including a commercial featuring the Rolling Stones' single " Start Me Up " a reference to the Start button.

According to sources at Microsoft, however, this was just a rumor spread by the band to increase their market value, and Microsoft actually paid a fraction of that amount. A minute promotional video, labeled a "cyber sitcom", featuring Jennifer Aniston and Matthew Perry , was also released to showcase the features of Windows In the UK, the largest computer chain PC World received a large number of oversized Windows 95 boxes, posters and point of sale material, and many branches opened at midnight to sell the first copies of the product, although these customers were far fewer in number than publicity had suggested.

In London, Microsoft gave free newspapers to people. Windows 95 was designed to be maximally compatible with existing MS-DOS and bit Windows applications and device drivers , while under this constraint offering a more stable and better performing system. Architecturally, Windows 95 can be considered an evolution of Windows for Workgroups ' enhanced mode. The lowest level of the operating system is formed by a large number of virtual device drivers VxDs running in bit protected mode and one or more virtual DOS machines running in virtual mode.

The virtual device drivers can be responsible for handling physical devices such as video and network cards , emulating virtual devices used by the virtual machines, or providing various system services. The three most important virtual device drivers are:.

This eliminated the use of fixed 64k segments, which were a serious handicap in DOS and Windows 3. If a Windows 3. The Win32 API is implemented by three modules, each consisting of a bit and a bit component:. For example, it was possible to prevent loading the graphical user interface and boot the system into a real-mode MS-DOS environment.

This sparked debate amongst users and professionals over the question of to what extent Windows 95 was an operating system or merely a graphical shell running on top of MS-DOS. From an architectural stance, both viewpoints lack nuance. When the graphical user interface was started, the virtual machine manager took over the filesystem-related and disk-related functionality from MS-DOS, which itself was demoted to a compatibility layer for bit device drivers.

Windows 95 is capable of using all bit Windows 3. Using DOS applications in Windows 95 was much like 3. SYS have no effect on Windows applications. Most DOS games can run from within Windows 95, while 3. Protected mode DOS programs were also runnable as Windows 95 provides p-mode emulation these cannot be used in Windows 3.

As with Windows 3. Straight DOS mode works just like in all previous versions; there is no bit support and DOS drivers must be loaded for mice and other hardware. When starting an application, even a native bit Windows application, MS-DOS would momentarily execute to create a data structure the program segment prefix and it was even theoretically possible for MS-DOS to run out of conventional memory while doing so, preventing the application from launching.

Windows 3. And since the segments were allocated as FIXED, Windows could not move them, which would prevent any more applications from launching. This was fixed in Windows Some basic elements of the user interface introduced in Windows 95 — such as the desktop metaphor with the taskbar at the bottom, the Start button, and the Windows Explorer file manager — remain fundamentally unchanged in later versions of Windows years later.

The desktop includes shortcuts to launch programs and files, while the taskbar shows buttons for applications that are running. The Start Menu also has shortcuts for various tasks, as well as applications that are sorted into folders.

This remained the default layout until Windows XP. The word "Start" was dropped from the button in Windows Vista , the button being labeled with the Windows logo "Start" is still present as a tooltip and in the classic GUI mode.

The flyout menu style was eventually replaced by a redesigned predominantly search-based application launcher, but the ability to browse all installed programs from Start has been retained in newer versions of Windows, such as Windows 7 and Windows 8.

When released for Windows 95, Internet Explorer 4. That update gave Windows 95 and Windows NT 4. Windows 95 included support for character mixed-case long filenames and preemptively multitasked pseudo-protected-mode bit applications. It was the first consumer version of Windows to be its own operating system instead of a shell that rode over top of DOS.

It is available to both Windows programs and MS-DOS programs started from Windows they have to be adapted slightly, since accessing long file names requires using larger pathname buffers and hence different system calls. Competing DOS-compatible operating systems released before Windows 95 cannot see these names. Using older versions of DOS utilities to manipulate files means that the long names are not visible and are lost if files are moved or renamed, as well as by the copy but not the original , if the file is copied.

During a Windows 95 automatic upgrade of an older Windows 3. When Windows 95 is started in DOS mode, e. In case the need arises to depend on disk utilities that do not recognize long file names, such as MS-DOS 6. Windows 95 followed Windows for Workgroups 3.

While the OS kernel is bit, much code especially for the user interface remained bit for performance reasons as well as development time constraints much of W95's UI code was recycled from Windows 3. This had a rather detrimental effect on system stability and led to frequent application crashes. The introduction of bit File Access in Windows for Workgroups 3.

DOS can be used for running old-style drivers for compatibility, but Microsoft discourages using them, as this prevents proper multitasking and impairs system stability. Control Panel allows a user to see what MS-DOS components are used by the system; optimal performance is achieved when they are bypassed.

The Windows kernel uses MS-DOS style real-mode drivers in Safe Mode , which exists to allow a user to fix problems relating to loading native, protected-mode drivers. At the release date of Windows 95, Internet Explorer 1. The Plus! Pack did not reach as many retail consumers as the operating system itself it was mainly advertised for its add-ons such as themes and better disk compression but was usually included in pre-installed OEM sales, and at the time of Windows 95 release, the web was being browsed mainly with a variety of early web browsers such as Netscape promoted by products such as Internet in a Box.

While there was no uninstaller, it could be deleted easily if the user so desired. Only the 4. Windows 95 shipped with Microsoft's own dial-up online service called The Microsoft Network. Windows 95 with Microsoft Plus! A number of different editions of Windows 95 have been released.

Only the original release was sold as a shrink-wrapped product, later editions were provided only to computer original equipment manufacturers OEMs for installation on new PCs.

Together with the introduction of Windows 95, Microsoft released the Microsoft Plus! Microsoft initially indicated to make updates available to Windows 95 every 6 months in the form of service packs. The growing availability of Internet access meant that Windows updates could now be downloaded from Microsoft directly. The first service pack was made available half a year after the original release and fixed a number of small bugs. The second service pack mainly introduced support for new hardware.

This release was never made available to end-users directly and was only sold through OEMs with the purchase of a new PC. A full third service pack was never released, but two smaller updates to the second were released in the form of a USB Supplement OSR 2.

Both were available as stand-alone updates and as updated disc images shipped by OEMs. OSR 2. These minimal claims were made in order to maximize the available market of Windows 3. This configuration was distinctly suboptimal for any productive use on anything but single-tasking dedicated workstations due to the heavy reliance on virtual memory.

Also, in some cases, if any networking or similar components were installed the system would refuse to boot with 4 megabytes of RAM. It was possible to run Windows 95 on a SX but this led to even less acceptable performance due to its bit external data bus. Windows 95 was superseded by Windows 98 and could still be directly upgraded by both Windows and Windows Me.

On December 31, , Microsoft ended its support for Windows 95, making it an "obsolete" product according to the Microsoft Lifecycle Policy. Even though support for Windows 95 has ended, the software has occasionally remained in use on legacy systems for various purposes.